Exploring the Relationship Between Handwriting Legibility and Praxis in Third and Fourth Grade Students.

Background. Research suggests praxis and sensory integration contributes to handwriting legibility in primary students. However, little research has demonstrated performance-based measures of praxis and its relationship to handwriting legibility. This study examined performance-based praxis skills o...

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Publicado en:Open Journal of Occupational Therapy (OJOT) Vol. 13; no. 1; pp. 1 - 12
Autores principales: Donica, Denise K., Beck, Larymi, Mumford, Kathryn
Formato: research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Open Journal of Occupational Therapy Winter2025
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Winter2025
      vid: 13
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      pub: Open Journal of Occupational Therapy
      place: Kalamazoo, Michigan
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        atl: Exploring the Relationship Between Handwriting Legibility and Praxis in Third and Fourth Grade Students.
      aug:
        au:
          Donica, Denise K.
          Beck, Larymi
          Mumford, Kathryn
        affil: East Carolina University - USA
      sug:
        subj:
          Handwriting Evaluation
          Sensory Motor Integration
          Students, Elementary
          Pediatric Occupational Therapy
          Human
          Male
          Female
          Child
          Cross Sectional Studies
          Scales
          Mann-Whitney U Test
          Descriptive Statistics
          Child: 6-12 years
          Male
          Female
      ab: Background. Research suggests praxis and sensory integration contributes to handwriting legibility in primary students. However, little research has demonstrated performance-based measures of praxis and its relationship to handwriting legibility. This study examined performance-based praxis skills of third and fourth grade students with and without handwriting difficulties (HD). Method: Handwriting legibility and praxis were examined in 33 third and fourth grade students at a local primary school using the Handwriting Legibility Scale and five praxis tests from the Evaluation in Ayres Sensory Integration. Participants were categorized into two groups based on their handwriting legibility scores: students with HD (n = 6) and students without HD (n = 27). Mann-Whitney U and effect size r was calculated to compare the two groups. Results: Students with HD had significantly lower scores on three areas of praxis (positions, sequences, and ocular praxis); pAreas without significant differences include ideation and following directions. Conclusion: Overall, preliminary data support a relationship between praxis and handwriting legibility, which supports the need to evaluate praxis skills to inform occupational therapy interventions for students with handwriting difficulties.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
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        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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