Individual differences in learning and memory abilities: The influence of self-efficacy.

The present study examined whether individual differences in memory self-efficacy (MSE)—one's perception and evaluation of their memory abilities—predict actual learning and memory ability among younger adults. Across three studies, participants completed a delayed free recall task along with measur...

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Publicado en:Memory & Cognition Vol. 53; no. 6; pp. 1963 - 1989
Autores principales: Miller, Ashley L., Unsworth, Nash
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Springer Nature Aug2025
Materias:
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        10.3758/s13421-025-01693-1
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        atl: Individual differences in learning and memory abilities: The influence of self-efficacy.
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        au:
          Miller, Ashley L.
          Unsworth, Nash
        affil:
          https://ror.org/046rm7j60 Department of Psychology, University of California, 1285 Franz Hall, 90095, Los Angeles, CA, USA
          https://ror.org/0293rh119 Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
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        Oregon
        Self-efficacy
        Task performance
        Episodic memory
        Learning
        Motivation (Psychology)
        Memory
        Adolescence
        Adults
        Scale analysis (Psychology)
        Research funding
        Mathematics
        Questionnaires
        Descriptive statistics
        Short-term memory
        Regression analysis
      sug:
        subj:
          Self-efficacy
          Task performance
          Episodic memory
          Learning
          Motivation (Psychology)
          Memory
          Adolescence
          Adults
          Oregon
          Scale analysis (Psychology)
          Research funding
          Mathematics
          Questionnaires
          Descriptive statistics
          Short-term memory
          Regression analysis
      keyword:
        Individual differences
        Metamemory
        Motivation
        Psychology and Cognitive Sciences Psychology
        Individual differences
        Metamemory
        Motivation
        Psychology and Cognitive Sciences Psychology
      ab: The present study examined whether individual differences in memory self-efficacy (MSE)—one's perception and evaluation of their memory abilities—predict actual learning and memory ability among younger adults. Across three studies, participants completed a delayed free recall task along with measures of working memory, episodic long-term memory (LTM), task-specific motivation, strategy use, and strategy knowledge. Study 1 focused on global MSE (perceived general memory ability across various memory domains), whereas Studies 2 and 3 assessed concurrent MSE (perceived current memory ability for a specific task one is about to complete). Overall, results revealed concurrent MSE, but not global MSE, consistently correlated with delayed free recall accuracy (our index of learning ability). Individuals who believed they were better capable of learning the free recall task tended to perform better on the task, and the strength of this relationship increased with task experience. Both concurrent MSE and overall learning were positively associated with working memory, broad episodic LTM abilities, motivation to perform well, and the use of more effective encoding strategies. Critically, concurrent MSE (assessed pre-task) did not explain unique variance in learning when these additional variables were accounted for. Taken altogether, the present study suggests that among younger adults, efficacy beliefs can reliably predict learning, so long as these beliefs consider contextual features and specific task demands. That said, the efficacy-performance relationship appears to be largely driven by associations with other meaningful "third" variables, particularly broader cognitive abilities like working memory and general episodic LTM.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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