Effects of Diagnostic Labels for Students With Learning Problems on Teachers' Stereotypes and Performance Expectations.

Labeling students with learning problems may change teachers' evaluations of them. Our study examined whether the "Special Learning Needs" (SLN) and "Learning Disability" (LD) labels influenced teachers' beliefs that the diagnosis was correct and activated a low-competence stereotype. We examined wh...

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Published in:Journal of Learning Disabilities Vol. 59; no. 1; pp. 37 - 55
Main Authors: Kashikar, Linda, Lüke, Timo, Grosche, Michael
Format: research tables/charts randomized controlled trial Journal Article
Published: Sage Publications Inc. Jan2026
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: Jan2026
      vid: 59
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      pub: Sage Publications Inc.
      place: Thousand Oaks, California
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        10.1177/00222194251315187
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        atl: Effects of Diagnostic Labels for Students With Learning Problems on Teachers' Stereotypes and Performance Expectations.
      aug:
        au:
          Kashikar, Linda
          Lüke, Timo
          Grosche, Michael
        affil: University of Wuppertal, Germany
      sug:
        subj:
          Learning Disorders
          Education, Special
          Students with Disabilities Psychosocial Factors
          Teachers Psychosocial Factors
          Stereotyping
          Faculty Attitudes
          Attitude to Disability
          Academic Performance
          Human
          Male
          Female
          Adult
          Middle Age
          Germany
          Experimental Studies
          Comparative Studies
          Random Assignment
          Randomized Controlled Trials
          Questionnaires
          Chi Square Test
          Analysis of Variance
          Logistic Regression
          Post Hoc Analysis
          Descriptive Statistics
          Data Analysis Software
          Models, Theoretical
          Stigma
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Middle Aged: 45-64 years
          Male
          Female
      ab: Labeling students with learning problems may change teachers' evaluations of them. Our study examined whether the "Special Learning Needs" (SLN) and "Learning Disability" (LD) labels influenced teachers' beliefs that the diagnosis was correct and activated a low-competence stereotype. We examined whether this stereotype lowered teachers' performance expectations and teaching intentions. A sample of 413 German general and special education teachers were randomly assigned to the control (no label) or one of the experimental groups (SLN/LD label). All teachers read the description of a fictitious student with learning problems. Only in the experimental groups was the student labeled with an LD or SLN. Results showed that both labels increased teachers' acceptance of the diagnosis as accurate. However, the labels did not change teachers' stereotypes of the fictitious student. The LD label lowered some of teachers' long-term performance expectations, resulting in more track recommendations to a special school. Unexpectedly, the SLN label increased the intention to foster the student's academic performance. Some performance expectations of special education teachers were lower than those of general education teachers, which did not manifest in different teaching intentions. The findings are discussed in the context of the Dilemma of Difference.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        randomized controlled trial
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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