Managing motherhood: how "queen bee" managers in the US service sector reduce motherhood advantages in work scheduling.

This study advances sociological theories of motherhood-based workplace inequalities by examining how frontline managers shape mothers' access to stable work schedules in the US service sector. Prior research has shown that mothers in the US service sector experience intense conflict between the tim...

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Publicado en:Social Forces Vol. 104; no. 4; pp. 1258 - 1286
Autor principal: Choper, Joshua
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Oxford University Press / USA Jun2026
Materias:
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Jun2026
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      pub: Oxford University Press / USA
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        10.1093/sf/soaf193
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        atl: Managing motherhood: how "queen bee" managers in the US service sector reduce motherhood advantages in work scheduling.
      aug:
        au: Choper, Joshua
        affil: Dondena Centre for Research on Social Dynamics, Bocconi University, Via Röntgen n. 1, Milan 20136, MI, Italy
      su:
        United States
        Social theory
        Discretion
        Scheduling
        Workplace management
        Human resource directors
      sug:
        subj:
          Social theory
          Discretion
          United States
          Scheduling
          Workplace management
          Human resource directors
      keyword:
        copyrightHolder:University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
        copyrightYear:2026
        inequality
        inLanguage:en
        motherhood penalties
        publisher:Oxford University Press
        queen bee theory
        sameAs:https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sf/soaf193
        work scheduling
        copyrightHolder:University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
        copyrightYear:2026
        inequality
        inLanguage:en
        motherhood penalties
        publisher:Oxford University Press
        queen bee theory
        sameAs:https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sf/soaf193
        work scheduling
      ab: This study advances sociological theories of motherhood-based workplace inequalities by examining how frontline managers shape mothers' access to stable work schedules in the US service sector. Prior research has shown that mothers in the US service sector experience intense conflict between the time demands of motherhood and employers' expectations that employees will be available to work unstable work schedules, yet little work has investigated sources of variation in mothers' exposure to schedule instability. Building on and synthesizing theories of homophily, expectation states theory, and "queen bee" theories of women in management, I propose a model in which managers' own gender and parenthood status structure their responses to their employees' scheduling needs. Female managers who are mothers are theorized to exhibit homophily and produce motherhood scheduling advantages, while female managers without children are expected to penalize mothers. Analyses of survey and experimental data collected from a large national sample of US retail and food service workers support this theoretical synthesis, showing that motherhood advantages in scheduling appear under male managers and female managers who are mothers, but erode under female managers without children. By positioning motherhood—not gender alone—as the status dimension that most directly collides with ideal worker norms, this work highlights an important determinant of when women in management act as agents of change and when they reinforce inequality. More broadly, this study frames managerial discretion as a key mechanism linking status expectations, manager-employee relations, and organizational outcomes, advancing theory on the micro-foundations of workplace inequality.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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