Teacher Implementation of the VRA Instructional Sequence to Support Elementary Students With ASD: A Single-Case Study.

Virtual manipulatives are an evidence-based practice in mathematics for students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Yet, to date, most research exploring the effects of the virtual-representational-abstract (VRA) instructional sequence has been conducted in researcher-implemented settings. However...

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Publicado en:Focus on Autism & Other Developmental Disabilities Vol. 41; no. 3; pp. 130 - 144
Autores principales: Long, Holly M., Bouck, Emily C., Brodhead, Matthew T.
Formato: pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Sage Publications Inc. Sep2026
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Sep2026
      vid: 41
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      pub: Sage Publications Inc.
      place: Thousand Oaks, California
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        atl: Teacher Implementation of the VRA Instructional Sequence to Support Elementary Students With ASD: A Single-Case Study.
      aug:
        au:
          Long, Holly M.
          Bouck, Emily C.
          Brodhead, Matthew T.
        affil: Saginaw Valley State University, University Center, MI, USA
      sug:
        subj:
          Autism Spectrum Disorder
          Mathematics
          Teachers
          Teaching Methods
          Program Implementation
          Program Evaluation
          Support, Social
          Learning Environment
          Students, Elementary Psychosocial Factors
          Students with Disabilities Psychosocial Factors
          Human
          United States
          Online Education
          Drawing
          Abstracts
          Descriptive Statistics
          Manipulation, Psychological
          Schools, Special
          Task Performance and Analysis
          Interrater Reliability
          Data Analysis Software
          Confidence
          Skill Acquisition
          Mobile Applications
      ab: Virtual manipulatives are an evidence-based practice in mathematics for students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Yet, to date, most research exploring the effects of the virtual-representational-abstract (VRA) instructional sequence has been conducted in researcher-implemented settings. However, to ensure researchers are able to provide accurate practice recommendations, more research is needed to explore the teacher implementation of this intervention. The purpose of this concurrent multiple-probe-across-participants single-case design study was to examine the effects of a teacher-implemented VRA instructional sequence taught via explicit instruction on the accuracy with which three U.S. elementary students with ASD solve addition with regrouping problems. The VRA instructional sequence involved the use of virtual base ten blocks, drawings, and abstract numerical strategies to solve addition with regrouping problems. Researchers found a functional relation between the VRA instructional sequence and student accuracy. All three students were also able to maintain their accuracy after intervention ended. The teacher was able to implement the VRA instructional sequence after only two training sessions with over 97% treatment fidelity.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        pictorial
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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