Kurdish EFL Learners’ Difficulties in Using Additive and Adversative Conjunctions as Cohesive Devices in their Academic Writings.

This study investigates the difficulties Kurdish EFL university learners encounter in using additive and adversative conjunctions as cohesive devices in academic writing. It aimed to identify the most common types of errors, explore their underlying causes, and propose pedagogical suggestions for im...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Publicado en:Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies Vol. 16; no. 8; pp. 315 - 361
Autor principal: Awla, Alaa Nawzad
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) Aug2026
Materias:
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
fields @attributes:
  recordID: 1
pdfLink:
plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hlh&AN=196308513&site=ehost-live
header:
  @attributes:
    shortDbName: hlh
    uiTerm: 196308513
    longDbName: Humanities International Complete
    uiTag: AN
  controlInfo:
    bkinfo:
    jinfo:
      jid:
        22272895
        GYOO
      jtl: Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies
      issn: 22272895
      maglogo: N
    pubinfo:
      dt: Aug2026
      vid: 16
      iid: 8
      pid: 25427
      pub: Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR)
    artinfo:
      ui: 196308513
      ppf: 315
      ppct: 46
      formats:
      tig:
        atl: Kurdish EFL Learners’ Difficulties in Using Additive and Adversative Conjunctions as Cohesive Devices in their Academic Writings.
      aug:
        au: Awla, Alaa Nawzad
        affil: Department of English College of Languages Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
      su:
        Conjunctions (Grammar)
        Teaching methods
        Academic discourse
        Discourse markers
      sug:
        subj:
          Conjunctions (Grammar)
          Teaching methods
          Academic discourse
          Discourse markers
      keyword:
        Additive and Adversative Conjunctons
        Cohesion and Coherence
        Error analysis
        Inappropriate Use
        Kurdish EFL Learners
        Recommened Solutions
        أدوات الربط الإضافية والاستدراكية
        الاستخدام غير المناسب
        التماسك والانسجام النصي
        الحلول المقترح&#1577
        تحليل الأخطاء
        متعلمو اللغة الإنجليزية بوصفها لغة أجنبية من الكورد
      ab: This study investigates the difficulties Kurdish EFL university learners encounter in using additive and adversative conjunctions as cohesive devices in academic writing. It aimed to identify the most common types of errors, explore their underlying causes, and propose pedagogical suggestions for improving learners‟ writing performance. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, combining quantitative and qualitative analyses. Data were collected from forty fourth-stage students in the Department of English, College of Languages, Salahaddin University–Erbil, during the academic year 2024–2025. The research instruments consisted of two academic essay-writing tasks and semistructured interviews. The findings revealed that learners experienced considerable difficulty using additive and adversative conjunctions appropriately, with additive conjunctions producing more errors (125) than adversative conjunctions (102). The most common error types included misuse, overuse, omission, redundancy, and inaccurate placement. The major causes were first-language interference, limited knowledge of conjunction functions, insufficient exposure to academic writing, lack of writing practice, and pure errors. The study recommends explicit instruction, focused writing practice, and systematic corrective feedback to improve learners‟ cohesion, coherence, and overall academic writing proficiency.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
    refInfo:
    copyright:
      @attributes:
        flag: Y
      dt:
        @attributes:
          year: 2026
    holdings:
      @attributes:
        islocal: N