| Sumario: | 'O ???sß?? 'Ipp?t?? (or, O Presbus Ippotes, translated the The Old Knight) and ??? ????? (Melech Artus, translated King Arthur) are the only extant medieval Arthurian romances in Greek and Hebrew, respectively. These poems, translated from French via an Italian intermediary, are more than simply translations across languages; they also translate across cultures and literary traditions. The Byzantine poet-translator of O Presbus Ippotes transforms the story of Arthur into the style and idiom of Homeric epic while the Jewish poet-translator of Melech Artus adopts the language of Biblical narrative. Because the Byzantine and Jewish cultures into which these Arthurian romances were translated were so radically different from the Western European Catholic tradition in which they had been originally composed, they demonstrate the ways in which medieval translators attempted to make their works not only linguistically, but culturally accessible as well.
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